Common symptoms
- Wheeze
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness
- Night or early-morning cough
- Symptoms varying with triggers
Risk factors
- Allergy history
- Smoke, dust or workplace exposure
- Respiratory infection
- Poor inhaler technique
- Obesity or reflux
When to consult a doctor
- Symptoms recur or disturb sleep
- Reliever is needed frequently
- Activity is limited
- There has been an urgent visit or severe attack
How the condition is assessed
The pattern, triggers, previous attacks, inhaler technique and alternate causes are reviewed. Objective lung testing is helpful when available.
Possible investigations
- Peak-flow monitoring
- Spirometry with bronchodilator
- Oxygen saturation during attacks
- Chest X-ray if another diagnosis is suspected
Tests are selected according to symptoms, examination and individual risk. Not every person needs every investigation listed.
General treatment approach
Treatment usually includes an inhaled anti-inflammatory controller based on symptoms and attack risk. Technique, adherence and an action plan are essential.
Lifestyle considerations
- Avoid tobacco and harmful exposure
- Recheck inhaler technique
- Keep an action plan
- Maintain activity once controlled
Warning signs requiring urgent care
- Unable to speak full sentences
- Blue lips, drowsiness or exhaustion
- Little relief after prescribed reliever
- Rapid deterioration or low oxygen
If a warning sign is present, do not wait for a routine appointment. Seek urgent assessment.
Frequently asked questions
Is asthma only a childhood disease?+
No. It may persist or first appear in adulthood.
Can controller inhalers stop when I feel well?+
Not without review; control may mean treatment is working.
